There weren't many tools or medicine they could use during the Civil War. Tools had wooden handles and were usually steel. A trephine was a scary looking tool used for cutting holes into the skull. Different knives were also used for surgeries. There were forceps that was used to cut straight through bone.To relieve pressure on the bladder, a sharp pointed, curved metal tool was used to puncture through the abdomen and then puncture the bladder. For medicines there was morphine, ether, chloroform, and anesthesia that was available to all doctors and surgeons. These medicines were all underdeveloped at the time and many surgeons decided to not rely on anesthesia or other medicines and just to rely on "war shock" in the patients. Most hospitalized soldiers died of infection and disease than those of battle wounds.
This is a picture of the medicine morphine. It was used to help with pain. Today we have morphine, but it is fully developed, unlike during the time of the war.